JNK-IN-14 is a potent inhibitor of JNK with IC50 values of 1.81 nM for JNK1, 12.7 nM for JNK2, and 10.5 nM for JNK3. It induces early-stage apoptosis, arrests cell population at the G2/M phase, and moderately inhibits beclin-1 production in K562 leukemia cells, demonstrating greater inhibitory efficacy than SP600125. [1]

Isoangustone A has antitumor activity, it can induce G1 cycle arrest in DU145 human prostate and 4T1 murine mammary cancer cells, it inhibits cell proliferation by targeting PI3K, MKK4, and MKK7 in human melanoma. Isoangustone A dampens mesangial sclerosis associated with inflammation in response to high glucose through hindering TGF-β and NF-κB signaling. Isoangustone A also shows strong ferric reducing activities and effectively scavenged DPPH, ABTS(+), and singlet oxygen radicals.

Indirubin-3′-oxime is an effective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases, and may play an obligate role in neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease.

Isopedicin has anti-inflammatory functions, it inhibits the O(2)(*)(-) production in human neutrophils by an elevation of cellular cAMP and activation of PKA through its inhibition of cAMP-specific PDE.

Arjunolic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anticholinesterasic (AChE and BuChE) activities, it may as promising targets for the development of innovative multi-functional medicines for Alzheimer desease treatment.